创新在企业管理中的重要性

阐述了创新在企业管理中的重要意义，分析了企业管理创新的内涵，即观念创新，技术创新和制度创新，揭示出以创新推动企业管理，社会进步的观点。     

房地产项目市场与财务风险分析

房地产的发展也是利益与风险并存,认识了解行业风险,对于控制、防范风险是非常必要的。文章依据社会的政治经济环境以及市场环境的变化,分析了项目的市场和财务风险,供同行们参考。     

建筑工程产品市场的特点分析

从建筑工程产品的交易特点和建筑工程产品的供求机制两个方面 ,对建筑工程产品市场的特点进行了分析 ,提出了完善建筑工程产品市场管理体制的相关建议     

Analysis of hourly price granularity implementation in the Brazilian deregulated electricity contracting environment

Brazil’s electricity market is the largest in Latin America and the ninth largest in the world. It has been implemented as a mixed market in which regulated and deregulated contracting environments coexist. The volume of transactions in the deregulated market has experienced steep growth over the last few years and is expected to surpass the regulated market. Different programs to diversify the country’s energy matrix have been devised, especially by integrating intermittent renewable sources to address the deregulated market expansion. Consequently, such an energy policy path has prompted the need to increase the granularity of the Brazilian deregulated market’s spot price, namely the Difference Settlement Price (DSP). The DSP had been weekly defined accounting for three loading levels and four submarkets, and, as of 2021, it has been hourly defined accounting for four submarkets; the weekly DSP is inefficient in actually signaling prices based on ex-ante marginal cost of operation of the interconnected Brazilian power system. Besides such granularity alteration, Brazil has also undergone a severe hydrological crisis in 2021 that led to significantly lower water inflows into major hydrographic watersheds and, as a result, most hydroelectric power plant reservoirs hit a 91-year low. The described scenario is relevant in utility policies and energy economics since it depicts a significant paradigm shift experience in such a large electricity market. This study presents the first hourly DSP behavior analysis since its implementation in the Brazilian electricity market and explores its statistical characteristics and relationships with exogenous variables throughout 2021. Additionally, we discuss the hourly DSP’s volatility observed in the year 2021 and how it has resulted in price spikes. At last, we compare the behavior of the Brazilian hourly DSP with the energy prices of five other countries’ electricity markets. Despite being a significant market improvement, the DSP granularity increase per se could not accurately represent the actual marginal cost of operation over the year 2021 since, besides instabilities observed in the hourly DSP, market intervention mechanisms had to be applied by Brazilian regulatory agencies to minimize the hydrological crisis’ impacts.     

Implementation of scarcity pricing without co-optimization in European energy-only balancing markets

The implementation of scarcity pricing is underway in the Belgian balancing market. The market design proposed in this paper aims at transposing the first principles of scarcity pricing theory to the boundary conditions of European balancing markets. One relevant boundary condition is the absence of real-time co-optimization of energy and reserves in Europe. As international experience demonstrates, the fact that energy and reserves are not co-optimized in balancing markets does not preclude the implementation of scarcity pricing. The mechanism can be implemented implicitly, and a concrete path has been proposed in the context of the Belgian balancing market. The Belgian design proposal, which is based on the implicit trading of reserve in real time, has raised questions related to financial implications for market stakeholders, the pricing of multiple reserve products, cross-border interactions, the financing of the mechanism, compatibility with EU law, and the coexistence of the proposed mechanism with capacity markets. We attempt to address these questions in the present work by drawing comparisons between the explicit co-optimization of energy and reserves and the implicit trading of reserve capacity.     

区域配电网内分布式电源和负载联盟交易模式设计和分析

分布式电源和负载可在配电侧形成电能供给和消费的联盟,并参与区域电力市场交易。相比于单独进行交易,这样的联盟通过帮助市场能力较弱的分布式电源和负载参与到配电网市场中,推动配电网中的中小型负载和分布式电源之间的直购电业务的发展,促进配电网侧的电力市场形成;同时利用市场信号引导分布式电源和负载的电能生产和消费过程,使得它们获得更多的经济利益,促进分布式可再生能源的发展。文中给出了区域配电网中联盟交易模式的存在条件,并且基于公用电网的作用和合作博弈理论,建立了相应的交易价格模型。进一步,以集成售电商的收益为优化目标,构建了联盟选择和定价的优化决策模型。仿真算例说明了联盟交易模式的理论可行性,证明了在不同运行场景中所提优化决策模型的有效性。     

国内外兆瓦级储能调频示范应用现状分析与启示

储能技术作为人类社会从化石能源时代迈入清洁低碳能源时代的推动技术,在大规模间歇性新能源并网引发的区域频率稳定性控制问题背景下,以其灵敏精准的出力特性逐步在电力系统调频领域实现规模化应用。全球有近20个国家在建或投运了共164项兆瓦级储能调频应用项目,涉及发电端、输配环节和需求侧。本文通过对兆瓦级储能调频项目概况进行统计分析应用现状,重点针对选型因素分析不同类型储能与调频相关的参数特点;从已应用的4种储能调频运行模式出发,分析应用区域现有的与其模式相关的政策与市场需求;基于国内外调频辅助服务市场现状调研,分析调频服务不同计量方法、政策规则对储能调频商业化应用的影响。最后,结合上述研究结果从3个角度出发对如何促进中国储能调频商业化应用提出建议。     

电力零售核心业务架构与购售电决策

随着电力工业改革的不断发展和智能电网的兴起,现代电力系统正逐步演变为更加复杂的信息物理融合系统。未来电力系统中将同时融合可再生能源、分布式发电设备、储能设备、智能表计、需求响应等新技术与新机制。在电力零售市场环境下,这些新技术与新机制给零售公司带来了严峻挑战,需要发展新的决策机制与方法。随着中国新一轮电力市场化改革的逐步深化,多个区域的电力零售市场也正在逐步建立和运营。为了给国内构建完整的竞争性电力零售市场提供有益的参考,并帮助相关研究学者和技术人员更好地了解电力零售市场的研究现状,文中首先介绍了一些主要国家的电力零售市场情况,然后以澳大利亚和芬兰为例,详细说明了电力零售公司的组织结构和购售电业务流程。接着,比较系统地综述了近年来国内外电力零售决策方面的研究进展,包括零售负荷预测、零售公司购电策略、零售定价策略、零售风险管理等。最后,讨论了电力零售研究领域的一些关键问题和未来可能的发展方向。     

新一代电力市场交易平台架构探讨

新一轮电力体制改革要求电力供应由传统的计划方式向市场交易模式逐步转变,面对复杂的市场变化,对电力交易技术支持系统提出了新的要求。对"现货+中长期"市场联合运营、面向互联网的高并发访问、标准化的市场模型、外部系统信息交换与交易安全保障等重点需求进行了分析,提出了适应中国电力市场特色的四大应用业务架构,以及基于"混合云"的两级市场协调运作的平台架构体系,最后对系统建设需要解决的关键技术问题进行了探讨。     

美国调频辅助服务市场的调频补偿机制分析

合理的补偿机制是调频辅助服务市场正常运行的重要保障。为进一步促进调频资源的优化配置,美国调频辅助服务市场引入了基于调频效果的补偿机制。文中对比分析了美国宾夕法尼亚—新泽西—马里兰州、加利福尼亚州、纽约、新英格兰和中西部电力市场区域的最新调频补偿机制,包括补偿结算规则、调频里程与调频性能指标的计算方法等。最后,结合当前国内电力体制改革的现状提出建立调频辅助服务市场和调频补偿机制的相关思路和建议。